How to do Mango Farming, Know the Advanced Varieties of Mango, You Will Get Good Profits

Mango holds the prestigious title of being the national fruit of India, revered as the king of fruits for its exquisite taste and exceptional qualities. It flourishes across the length and breadth of India, as well as in Sri Lanka, Northern Australia, the Philippines, Southern China, Central Africa, and Sudan, thriving in warm and humid climates. India boasts approximately 18 million acres of mango orchards, highlighting its widespread cultivation. Mango is renowned for its versatility; aside from enjoying ripe mangoes as a snack, they are also utilized in making juice and preserves. With a sugar content ranging from 11 to 20 percent, mangoes are cherished for their delightful blend of sweetness and tanginess. Mango cultivation is prevalent across the entire country, reflecting its immense popularity among the populace.

Irrigation and Temperature for Mango Trees:

For the cultivation of mango crops, irrigation should be done according to the need, at intervals of 2-3 days in the first year of planting the orchard, and at intervals of 4-5 days from the second to the fifth year. Additionally, when the trees start bearing fruit, it is crucial to provide irrigation two to three times. The third irrigation should be done when the fruits are fully ripe. Mango trees are susceptible to fruit drop due to wind and storms during fruiting. The ideal temperature for mango cultivation ranges from 25 to 30 degrees Celsius. The optimal pH level for mango trees should be between 6 and 7.

Soil and Climate for Mango Trees:

Mango cultivation thrives in both tropical and subtropical climates. Successful mango cultivation can be achieved at altitudes of up to 600 meters above sea level. Mango saplings are sensitive to overwatering, and excessive rainfall during flowering is detrimental to fruit development. Mango trees require 1000 to 1150 millimeters of water. Low humidity and strong winds can be detrimental during high temperatures. Mango cultivation, is adaptable to various soil types, with well-draining loamy soil being preferred for optimal water drainage.

Planting Saplings Guidelines:

During the rainy season, it's ideal to plant mango trees across the nation, particularly in regions with abundant rainfall. The spacing between trees should range from 10 to 12 meters, depending on the sapling variety. However, for the Amrapali variety, the distance should be 2 to 5 meters. In heavy loamy soil, maintain a spacing of 10 meters between trees and rows. In lighter loamy soil, aim for a spacing of 8 meters both between trees and rows. For optimal growth, it's recommended to mix 2 kg of vermicompost, 1 kg of neem cake, bone meal, or single superphosphate with the topsoil of the field while adequately filling the pits.

Fertilizers and Manure for Mango Trees:

In July, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be applied around the tree in a trench dug around each tree at a rate of 100 grams per tree. Following this, to improve the physical and chemical condition of the soil, it is appropriate to provide 25 to 30 kilograms of well-decomposed cow dung manure per tree. For organic fertilizer, mixing 250 grams of Azospirillum with 40 kilograms of cow dung manure in July-August and applying it to the basins enhances production.

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Mango Crop Cycle:

The dependency of crops on a set of nutrients, pests, and disease pressures is reduced by crop rotation. Crop rotation can minimize the need for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides by utilizing ecosystem services from various types of crops. It can improve soil structure and organic matter content in the soil.

Varieties of Mangoes:

1. Ratna: This mango variety is typically available in the summer and is renowned for its large-sized fruits that develop annually. It yields an estimated 250 quintals per acre.
2. Kesar: Another summer variety, Kesar mangoes are celebrated for their exquisite taste and high yield potential, producing around 400 quintals per acre.
3. Arka Anmol: This semi-dwarf variety is well-suited for consistent fruiting and dense plantation. It matures late, with fruits ripening from the second to the third week of June. The fruits are rectangular, medium-sized, averaging 300-330 grams each. Pulp recovery is about 70-75%, and the fruits maintain good quality.
4. Arka Suprabhat: A medium-vigorous variety, Arka Suprabhat bears fruit regularly and in bunches, offering high yield potential. The fruits weigh between 250-300 grams, resembling the Alphonso variety. They have a shelf life of 8-10 days at room temperature.

Fruit Disease Management:

1. Leaf Beetle Disease: This pest's impact is typically felt in June-July and February-March. Its larvae start forming a mesh on the leaves. To prevent it, prune dense branches. Larvae and pupae should be removed from the leaves.
2. Powdery Mildew: This disease is most prevalent in October-November. It causes leaves to wither, and affected plants begin to dry up from the roots. Withered leaves and dried branches should be separated from the trees.
3. Mango Stone Weevil Disease: This insect pest damages the crop and typically occurs between March and May. It is responsible for fungal infections. It bores into mango stones and feeds on tissues. Remaining stones in the orchard should be destroyed, and the insects should be removed and exterminated.