Mechanization is a technical process in which machines and equipment are used in various aspects of agriculture. This technique can assist farmers in saving water, energy, and time, providing them with the opportunity to achieve higher productivity. Mechanization can be applied in various fields of agriculture, such as sowing, field improvement, and harvesting. A significant portion of the productivity of fields in agriculture is based on the energy available to farmers for farming in an efficient and sustainable manner. Agricultural machinery and equipment help farmers effectively utilize energy for the purposes of production. Agricultural machines enhance the productivity of land and labor, allowing for storage during farming and working efficiently per unit of time.
The Role and Progress of Mechanization :
The introduction of mechanization in Indian agriculture began with the establishment of the Central Tractor Organization (CTO), primarily focused on land improvement and development, i.e., mechanical farming and the reduction of manual labor. The production of irrigation pumps and diesel engines commenced in the 1930s, while the manufacturing of tractors and power tillers started in 1960. Since then, due to its inherent advantages over traditional farming methods, agricultural mechanization has gained popularity.
The remarkable increase in the use of farming machinery has resulted in expansion in the cultivated area and depth of cultivation, leading to increased agricultural production across all sectors of the country. This transformation has also facilitated the diversification of agriculture from traditional crops to commercial crops Indian Sugar Mills Association .
For real-time field operations in agriculture, the efficient operation of various types of farming equipment and the availability of energy for stable activities in farming are crucial. This includes the operation of irrigation equipment, threshers, shellers, cleaners, graders, and other post-harvest equipment.
Various tasks in the field require energy during the operation of different tools and mechanical activities. While mobile energy is used for various field operations, stable energy is utilized for lifting water and operating irrigation equipment, as well as for post-harvest activities such as threshing, shelling/decoration, cleaning, grading, and others. Mobile farming energy comes from human effort, draft animals, power tillers, tractors, and self-operated machines, whereas stable energy is obtained from oil engines (diesel, petrol, and kerosene) and electric motors.
Major Agricultural Machinery :
Tractor: The production of tractors began in India in 1961. Eicher Tractors produced the first tractor from its unit in Faridabad in eastern Punjab at that time. During 1961-62, India produced 880 tractors.
Power Tiller: In the country, there are two major units in the organized sector manufacturing hand tractors (power tillers), along with some smaller units in the pump sector.
Combine Harvester Thresher: Tractor-towed combine harvesters and self-propelled combine harvesters have been produced for cutting crops among North Indian farmers. Eight units had obtained licenses to manufacture self-propelled combine harvesters for the organized and small pump sectors.
Implements: The production of agricultural implements in the country is reserved for the small pump industry. Several registered small units and unregistered units manufacture small pump equipment and implements.
Assist individuals engaged in agriculture and related activities in owning modern tools by facilitating ownership of technological resources for the improvement of their operations. Provide customized services as necessary for these objectives. Skillfully distribute essential inputs for agriculture and provide assistance in this regard. Promote and establish industries that impact the production, conservation, and processing of agricultural products.
Time Savings: Through mechanization, farmers can save time in the management of their fields. These machines are particularly suitable for working in large areas and contribute to time efficiency, allowing farmers to cultivate more crops in less time.
Energy Conservation: Compared to manual labor, the use of machines results in energy savings. Working with a tractor or harvester can save energy in the irrigation and improvement of large fields.
Improved Productivity: Mechanization enables farmers to achieve better productivity as machines can often perform tasks more quickly than manual labor, allowing for more work in less time.
Distribution Challenges: Despite mechanization, farmers often face challenges in reaching machines and equipment. There is a need for secure means to ensure proper care and good services for machines.
Distribution Issues: Some farmers may encounter distribution problems when paying attention to the purchase of machinery. Lack of appropriate information for making the right choices can put them in a situation where they do not make the right decisions.
Mechanization can lead to further development in the field of agriculture in the future. Increased use of new technologies, robotics, and the Internet of Things (IoT) may usher in a new era in agriculture, enabling farmers to utilize more advanced and efficient technologies.
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