Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the continuous growth of India's economy. The projected Gross Value Added (GVA) for the agriculture and allied sectors is estimated to be approximately 275 billion US dollars in the fiscal year 2023, constituting around 15% of the country's total GVA. To foster technological advancements and boost public participation, the government has initiated the fourth revolution in the agricultural sector. India faces a food loss of around 4.5%, a challenge exacerbated by the intricacies of the supply chain. Agriculture has embraced technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, artificial intelligence, and robotics. Conventional farming practices, involving manual tasks such as pesticide spraying, are being replaced by advanced methods employing robotics, temperature and humidity sensors, and GPS technology. The complex supply chain poses heightened difficulties in mitigating food loss.
The integration of Internet of Things (IoT), big data, artificial intelligence, and robotics in agriculture aims to amplify productivity and encourage broader public engagement. Traditional farming approaches, including manual pesticide spraying, are giving way to sophisticated techniques utilizing robotics, temperature and humidity sensors, and GPS technology. According to reports from the United Nations World Food Programme, the uneven global distribution of food is a primary driver of emerging hunger issues worldwide. The potential transformation of farming practices through the integration of data analytics and artificial intelligence promises efficient resource utilization, thereby enhancing global food security. The application of data analytics and AI empowers farmers to monitor activities from seed sowing to the final harvest, facilitating informed decision-making and optimizing agricultural processes.
Continuous technological innovations play a crucial role in the development and progress of the Indian agricultural sector. Agriculture in India is encouraged not only for its contribution to production and employment generation but also for alleviating poverty and promoting equitable and sustainable development. Challenges such as diminishing and degraded land, water resources, drought, floods, and global temperature rise pose significant obstacles to the consistent and profitable growth of Indian agriculture. The future of agriculture in India suggests the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies like robotics, temperature and humidity sensors, aerial imaging, and GPS technology.
These advancements become imperative in overcoming the persistent challenges faced by Indian agriculture due to factors such as climate change. The utilization of technologies like robotics, temperature and humidity sensors, aerial images, and GPS in agricultural practices is poised to transform the sector. Data analytics matrices in agricultural factors and advancements in existing agricultural machinery contribute to the production of grains and fulfill commercial necessities. The trajectory of Indian agriculture points towards a future where technology becomes integral, addressing the complexities associated with farming and ensuring sustainable growth in the sector.
At present, Indian agriculture is dependent on natural resources, and there have been noteworthy transformations in the landscape of agriculture in India. Various new technologies have been introduced to elevate farming practices. Farmers in the modern era are employing land mapping software to ascertain the ideal quantities of fertilizers for their fields. Both agrotech startups and traditional farmers are embracing inventive solutions and methodologies to enhance the productivity of food commodities. This encompasses the adoption of cloud-based agricultural management technologies, fostering skill development among farmers by integrating novel technologies.
Drones are utilized in the agricultural sector for the growth, maintenance, and improvement of crops, as well as the intricacies of farming practices. The use of drones in agriculture assists farmers in surveying large areas and obtaining better insights into their fields. The application of drone technology in agriculture has facilitated real-time, cost-effective monitoring of crops and livestock. This has resulted in efficient analysis of farming conditions and aiding in the determination of fertilizers, nutrition, and pesticides.
This highlights the transformation of the agricultural sector into a dynamic and commercial space, presenting the opportunity to achieve elevated production rates by transitioning to a mix of traditional agricultural products and high-quality goods. The agricultural sector cultivates crops like fruits, vegetables, spices, cashews, coconuts, and flowers. As the demand for these products continues to rise, there is substantial potential for increased production and trade. The evolution of agriculture is influenced by the growing demand for technology, changing consumer preferences, business and governmental policies, advancements in transportation, irrigation, and other foundational developments.
In the era of the Green Revolution, innovations in agriculture, research, and technology were predominantly focused on specific staple crops, such as wheat and rice. However, in marginalized areas of agriculture where irrigation systems and limited resources are not readily available, horticulture has emerged as a viable solution, particularly in regions prone to drought. Additionally, encouragement has been given to other activities like horticulture, floriculture, livestock farming, aquaculture, etc. To support the development in these regions, various modern technological solutions have been implemented.
Hydroponics agriculture is a concept oriented towards better yields, quality produce, and enhanced flavors, utilizing minimal water. Plants grown hydroponically do not require an extensive root system, allowing them to channel more energy towards the production of leaves and fruits. Due to the deep cultivation of these plants, they mature rapidly, and they exhibit better resistance to pests and diseases. This method also requires less land space.
Integration of IoT in Agriculture: IoT revolutionizes agriculture by deploying various sensors in farm fields. These sensors are utilized for monitoring light, moisture, soil moisture, temperature, crop health, and more. They assist in collecting data from different agricultural sensors like autonomous vehicles, wearables, button cameras, robotics, control systems, etc. Drones, based on air and ground, are employed for the health, irrigation, monitoring, and field analysis of plants. Instruments are used for forecasting rainfall, temperature, soil conditions, humidity, and natural disasters.
Government Initiative: The government has taken various steps to manage the potential digitization of the agricultural sector in India. The government has finalized the India Digital Ecosystem of Agriculture framework, which will establish a structured database for farmers' associations. This initiative will assist the government in creating a positive plan to build a better agricultural ecosystem. The ecosystem will aid the government in developing effective plans to increase farmers' income and enhance efficiency in the agricultural sector.
Conclusion: Agriculture stands as a crucial sector for the country. Recent advancements such as drones and data-driven facilities are aiding in monitoring the agricultural processes. These technologies are proving to be instrumental in increasing productivity for farmers and contributing more significantly to the agricultural economy. The future of Indian agriculture looks promising and optimistic with the advent of new technologies. The vast and diverse agricultural landscape of India, coupled with progress in technology, provides farmers with extensive opportunities to recognize their potential and enhance productivity.
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